27–31Ĭonsidering the possible role of the innate immune system in the risk of tuberculosis infection, this study aims to examine whether functional polymorphisms at 5′UTR in DEFB1 gene are associated with the occurrence of active tuberculosis. 17,18 These SNPs were firstly described by Dörk and Stuhrmann 19 and have been then associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 20 increased levels of Candida albicans in the oral cavity, 21 increased risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 infection, 22–25 susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases 8,26 and other diseases. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located at −52G>A (rs1799946), −44C>G (rs1800972) and −20G>A (rs11362) position in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the DEFB1 gene have been reported to promote functional alteration of hBD-1 expression in different cell models. 12–15 This peptide is encoded by DEFB1 gene, located at chromosome 8p22-23. The human β-defensin-1 (hBD-1) is a small (29–47 amino acids) cationic antimicrobial peptide, 11 constitutively expressed in airway epithelia that plays an important role in mucosal immunity in the lung. tuberculosis, although the exact mechanisms are yet poorly understood. The mucosal immunity of air epithelia is complex, and the innate immune system, mainly by the mucosal secretion of antimicrobial peptides gradient, is thought to play an important role in defense against M. 5–8 Moreover evidence exist that extrapulmonary TB is the result of an underlying immune defect, 4 however, the functional correlation between genetic polymorphisms and immunologic defect should be yet unraveled. 2,3 A possible genetic predisposition to tuberculosis (TB) has been suggested in several studies. The general risk of infected individuals to develop the disease during their lifetime ranges between 5 and 10%. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis may occur when the bacillus infects other organs. 1 The most common clinical form of the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis, a granulomatous disease of the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ![]() As a Silver Certified Application Developer, Solvusoft is able to provide the highest level of customer satisfaction through delivering top-level software and service solutions, which have been subject to a rigorous and continually-audited approval process by Microsoft.Mycobacterial diseases are a major health concern, affecting approximately one-third of the world's population. To achieve a Silver competency level, Solvusoft goes through extensive independent analysis that looks for, amongst other qualities, a high level of software expertise, a successful customer service track record, and top-tier customer value. How is the Silver Competency Level Attained? Solvusoft's close relationship with Microsoft as a Silver Certified Partner enables us to provide best-in-class software solutions that are optimized for performance on Windows operating systems. ![]() Solvusoft is recognized by Microsoft as a leading Independent Software Vendor, achieving the highest level of competence and excellence in software development. Solvusoft: Microsoft Silver Certified Company Recognized for best-in-class capabilities as an ISV (Independent Software Vendor)
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